SAYC
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Preface

  SAYC (Standard American Yellow Card)
  1. Introduction
  2. Bidding Hierarchy
  3. Determine Opening Bid
  4. Opening Bid Options
  5. Scoring Structure
  6. Bidding Strategy

  Statistics
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Open 1 Level

Open 1 Level
   Open  1 ♠ 
   Open  1 ♥ 
       Open  1 NT 
           Open Better Minor
               Open  1 ♦ 
               Open  1 ♣ 

Opening Bid & Table Position
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Respond to 1 Suit Openings

   Guidelines for Responses
         Support Suit (Distribution Points)
         Propose Suit (1-over-1 Restriction)
  • Respond to  1 ♠ 
  • Respond to  1 ♥ 
  • Respond to  1 ♦ 
  • Respond to  1 ♣ 
Opener's Next Bid (Bid 3)
   Responder Supports the Bid Suit
   Responder Proposes a New Suit
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Respond to  1 NT 

Respond to  1 NT 
    Transfers (1NT)
       Stayman (1NT)
          No 4-card Major (1NT)
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Transfer Convention
Stayman Convention
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Weak Bids

Weak Opening Bids
 • 6-card suit            2 ♦   2 ♥   2 ♠ 
 • 7-card suit   3 ♣   3 ♦   3 ♥   3 ♠ 
 • 8-card suit                    4 ♥   4 ♠ 
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Respond to Weak Openings
  • Respond to          2 ♦   2 ♥   2 ♠ 
  • Respond to  3 ♣   3 ♦   3 ♥   3 ♠ 
  • Respond to                   4 ♥   4 ♠ 
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Strong  2 ♣ 

Open  2 ♣ 
Respond to  2 ♣ 
  • 2-Diamond Waiting (SAYC)
  • 3-Point Step (Social Bridge)
  • 2-Diamond Bust (Social Bridge)
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Strong  NT  Bids

Open  2 NT  or  3 NT 

Responses

Respond to  2 NT 
    Transfers (2NT)
       Stayman (2NT)
          4-card Major (2NT)
Respond to  3 NT 
    Transfers (3NT)
       Stayman (3NT)
          No 4-card Major (3NT)
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Other Bids

 • Jacoby  2 NT 
 • Slam (Blackwood & Gerber)
 • Overcalls
 • Doubles
 • Balancing
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Taking Tricks

Leads on Defense
Leads on Offense
    • Finessing a Tenace
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Practice

Open 1 Level
Responses to 1 Suit Openings
Open 1 NT (14 Examples)
Open 1 NT (16 Examples)
Responses to  2 ♣  Opening
Overcalls

Practice Websites

   • SAYC Bidding Practice
   • Trickster
   • Bridge Base On Line
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Duplicate

Duplicate Protocol
Duplicate Scoring
1. Contract Points Scoring
2. Match Points Scoring
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Downloads

SAYC Summary
Open 1-Level Bids
Respond 1-Suit Opening
1 NT Openings & Responses
Responses to Weak Openings
Responses to 2 Club Openings
Handout Duplicate Bridge Contract Points
Front Door

Leads When You are the Defense

Immediately after the bidding ends, the trick-taking portion (the "play") of bridge begins. The partnership that won the contract is the "offense", and the partnership that did not win the contract is the "defense".

With 13 cards in each hand, there are 13 tricks, and each trick begins with a "lead". Leads are an integral part playing bridge. It is difficult to specify the "best" lead, since each lead is selected based upon the situation at the time. And the situation can change quickly.

Leads are not part of the bidding process, but the information you learned during the bidding process can be helpful in selecting your leads. Lead practices have evolved over the years, and vary from player to player. The lead practices you use should be in agreement with your partner. With good card sense and experience, the "best" leads become more apparent over time. The following are some common practices used today.

Protocol for the Defense's Opening Lead

Face Down Lead There is only one opening lead - the lead that begins the trick taking process. After the bidding is over, the player to the left of the declarer makes the opening lead by placing the card to be led on the table face-down and asks "Are there any questions ?" This serves two purposes:
   1) It is a polite way to make sure everyone is ready to play.
   2) This provides an opportunity to review the bidding, or allow one of the players to ask another player, for example, "How did you interperet your partner's bid of "so-and-so?".

After there are no more questions, the leader turns the card face-up and play begins. By initially placing the lead card face-down, the leader has committed to that particular lead, and cannot change it based upon what was learned during that question period.

After the lead card is placed face up on the table, the declarer's partner lays its hand face up on the table for all to see. This exposed hand is called the "dummy". It is common practice to lay the dummy hand in four verticle columns by suit, alternating colors, with the trump suit on the left as the Declarer views it. When playing a No Trump contract, the common practice to to place the suit that was lead as the first verticle column on the left as the declarer views it.

The Cardinal Rules of Leading

1)  Always return your partner's first lead !!! Your partner might be setting up the next trick. There are only 2 acceptable reasons for not returning your partner's first lead:
          • First - you do not have that suit.
          • Second - your recent death. If your partner later realizes that you did not return their first lead, the second item will be imminent. And a jury of bridge players will acquit your partner on grounds of justifiable homicide.
2)  Lead the suit of your partner's first discard at the earliest opportunity. Your partner might be setting up the next trick, such as generating a void for ruffing.

Common Leads Against a Suit Contract vs a No Trump Contract

Leading Against a Suit Contract:
  • Do NOT lead trump, unless there is a compelling reason.
  • Do NOT lead to the dummy's tenace.
  • Lead a singleton. If partner can take the trick and return your lead, you can ruff with a small trump. If partner bid a suit and you choose not to lead that suit to your partner, that could be a signal that you are leading a singleton.
  • Lead the highest card from the suit your parter bid (the partners best suit). By leading the highest card, the partner has a better idea of where the other honor cards are.
  • Lead an Ace of a long suit (5 cards or more). If you lead low, it may be the opponent’s short suit and the opponent might win the trick with a singleton king or another high card. Then the opponent might be void in that suit and can trump your ace on a later trick.
  • Lead the top card of a sequence (three or more touching honors).
Leading Against a No Trump Contract:
  • Do NOT lead to the dummy's tenace.
  • Avoid leading, if possible, the suit bid by the opponents.
  • Lead the highest card from the suit your parter bid (the partners best suit). By leading the highest card, the partner has a better idea of where the other honor cards are.
  • Lead the top card of a sequence (three or more touching honors).
  • Lead from the top of an interior sequence. (E.g., King/Jack/Ten – lead the Jack.)
  • Lead a low card from your longest and strongest suit.
  • Lead the “top of nothing” (the highest card in a suit without an honor card).

Aces: "To lead, or not to lead, ..... "

When should you lead an Ace?
•  Against any 5, 6 or 7 level contract - lead an Ace (that is not trump) as soon as possible. It might not be good later in the game.
•  Against opening leads of 3 or 4 of a suit - lead an Ace (that is not trump) as soon as possible. It might not be good later in the game.
•  Leading a singleton Ace wil generate a void for ruffing future tricks.
Why not lead an Ace?
• Aces are best used when they take opponent’s honor cards. If you lead an unsupported Ace (no King), you may be helping your opponents build their suit.
• An Ace can be an entry back into your hand after building a different suit.
• Against a NT contract, leading an Ace is not usually a good idea. The ace is a "stopper" that can stop an opponent from running a suit.

3/9/2024
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